Ethnic federalism, multi-ethnic or multi-national federalism, is a form of federal system in which the federated regional or state units are defined by ethnicity.This type of federation as identified above has been implemented since the 1990s by Meles Zenawi in Ethiopia.Meles Zenawi and his government adopted ethnic federalism with the aim of establishing the equality of all ethnic groups in . It is manifest at the individual, community and state level. New Delhi: South Asian. When we speak of the right to vote, freedom to speak, the right to education or health we speak of equal rights. The focus of his work was on (and action against) communalism and communal and ethnic violence in India and South Asia. China's propagandist line is that the country's 56 officially recognised ethnicities are part of 'one great family' ( minzu da jiating) living in harmony. Southeast Asia is one of the most ethnically diverse regions in the world. When we think of our religion and our ethnic community we experience and value . In South Asia the tension between equality and difference is particularly acute when it comes to religious and ethnic issues. In many ways, armed conflict in Myanmar can be seen as the militarisation of ethnicity. Afghanistan. Language and Ethnic Conflict in South Asia. Hypotheses Southeast Asia is a Multi Ethnic composite Region in the World. Ethnic conflicts arise as a result of differences between two groups concerning over their ethnic terms. The rise in the stock market has been driven by the news . South Asia indubitably presents the most precarious case for strategic stability. through which to analyze political violence and the underpinning of the modern state in South Asia. Examples of this include localised land conflicts, religious and ethnic riots, homicides or other crimes (Stewart 2008, Varshney 2002). It subsequently, analyzes the major cases of identity-based political violence-ranging from ethnic separatist insurgency and challenges to state authority to communal violence and ethnic conflict-in South Asia. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and grazing land and is part of the wider Sudanese . The concept of territorial or regional autonomy holds centre stage in the literature on ethnic conflict settlement because it is supposed to be able to reconcile two paradoxical . Not since the 1947 partition of India have so many people been killed and uprooted as a result of ethnic or communal violence. Southeast Asia's ethnic crises in modernity. This volume examines different ethnic configurations and conflict avoidance and resolution in five different Southeast Asian countries. PDF | Historicizing conflict is tounderstand conflict in a historical context, both in its contemporary situation and chronological history. In August 2017, after Rohingya militants attacked Myanmar regional police . The author looks at how they respond to co-nationals across international boundaries and challenges the conventional wisdom that kin states act primarily as allies or friends. These include mainland China, Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. By using constructivist propositions to a select set of ethnic conflicts in South Asia, the article attempts to explain the salience of ethnicity as a pervasive mode of conflict in the subcontinent. The tension defines South Asia when it comes to religious and ethnic issues. This chapter is an overview of the interconnections between migration, ethnicity, and conflict in Southeast Asia. Ethnic stratification in these societies is placed and analysed within the wider context of protracted social conflicts in post-colonial state formations under the transition to capitalism In the . A total of seven nations claim control of part or all of the archipelago. Social media platforms have been used to incite local activists to attack unarmed targets, and to promote intolerance and violence against ethnic . Three ethnic conflicts seen in south asia include 1.Ethnic conflict seen in Assam between the assamese and the bengalis. This volume examines different ethnic configurations and conflict avoidance and resolution in five different Southeast Asian countries. development in south Asia context. 1. In the 1920s, driven by the ideology of Kemalism in Turkey, and by the Soviet national policy in the South Caucasus, attempts were made at the ethnic and cultural homogenization of the population. While governments around the world have played the blame game and typecast one ethnic group or community as the "super spreaders," the stigmatization of the Muslim community in India and Sri Lanka has become normalized . The article surveys the theoretical literature on constructivism to create a set of propositions regarding ethnic conflicts and attempts to test these propositions for several of South Asia's ethnic conflicts. Myanmar is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups. (c) The first country to liberalise the economy in the South Asian region. ISBN. Critics argue, however, that autonomy may not be the panacea for ethnic conflict in all cases. Of the three conflicts mentioned, Assam has attracted the largest attention of late. Southeast Asia is home of diverse ethnic groups, a region that experienced deep Western colonization. Such impacts have had the potential to ruffle relations between countries, as has happened between Thailand and Myanmar as well as between Malaysia and Indonesia. This article is an attempt to employ the constructivism of Alexander Wendt to understand ethnic conflicts in South Asia. 2 Cultural conflicts as conflicts treating culture as the disputed issue Any sociological conflict analysis requires due theoretical foundations and clearly defined con . Recent studies by The Asia Foundation indicate that more people have died in the region's 26 subnational conflicts than in international conflicts during the past 20 years. Looking in depth at conflicts in such places as East Timor, Kashmir, and Mindanao, this book is the first attempt to study secessionist ethnic conflicts systematically and comparatively in the Asian context. The Rwandan Genocide, as it came to be known, was one of the bloodiest ethnic conflicts in history. He was an advocate of a culture of peace, non-violence and communal harmony, and lectured all over Asghar Ali Engineer was an Indian reformist-writer and activist. Sundeep Waslekar identifies these common factors in various ethnic conflicts in South Asia. 2: Economic and Ethnic Dimensions, ed. In all the South Asian cases, there is a commonality. This book seeks to examine secessionist ethics in South and Southeast Asia in a theoretically informed way and from a comparative perspective. 2. The term 'Naga' is also a creation of the British, dating from the 1880s. ETHNIC CONFLICT IN ASSAM. This report offers a road map for understanding the most likely sources of violent conflict in the post-Soviet nations of Central Asiaethno-nationalism and nativism, Islam and secularism, water resources and climate change, and labor migration and economic conflict. Another strategic interest is to seek and preserve access to the Indian Ocean, where Myanmar is seen as a 'land-bridge'. The reality of course is that the 56 approved ethnicities are composite groups with high levels of . By most available reports now, mob violence has claimed four thousand lives, rendered about 200,000 homeless . The analysis draws from emerging trends in the region and identifies the ways in which Central Asia's geography and cultural . The main exception to this pattern is Afghanistan, where violence and full-scale civil war . This book uses empirical evidence from various case studies to examine the relationship between territorial and regional autonomy, the nation-state and ethnic conflict resolution in South and South-East Asia. Pakistan, for. This book uses empirical evidence from various case studies to examine the relationship between territorial and regional autonomy, the nation-state and ethnic conflict resolution in South and South-East Asia. In Southeast Asia, "good" religion thrives, and yet, tens of thousands of people have died in conflicts involving religion. Kabui (1995) believes that the Nagas may have reached their present settlements before the Christian era. The second category includes people-to-people conflict, or ethnic conflict. This volume examines different ethnic configurations and conflict avoidance and resolution in five different Southeast Asian countries. ConflictinNepalbyAnjanaShakya.pdf 13 Ibid 14 Iyer L. The concept of territorial or regional autonomy holds centre stage in the literature on ethnic conflict settlement because it is supposed to be able to reconcile two paradoxical objectives: the preservation of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state, and . 2: Economic and Ethnic Dimensions, ed. The word "ethnic" (adjective of ethnicity) has come into widespread usage in its modern sense only in the post-World War II period. Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims have all been, and are still involved in, major and minor disputes, conflicts, and killings for ostensibly religious reasons. The second false premise is that somehow this is the fault of the democratization process and that the communal violence is worse with . Ethnic and Racial Studies: Abstract: Ethnicity has come to be recognized as an important, and in some cases a dominant factor in the search for regional peace and security. Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. | Find, read and cite all the research you need . In Southeast Asia, "good" religion thrives, and yet, tens of thousands of people have died in conflicts involving religion. conflicts that have become endemic to South Asian social formations. 2020 may be a year to forget, but 2021 will likely, and unhappily, keep reminding us of it. Autonomy and Ethnic Conflict in South and South-East Asia (Asian Security Studies) 1st Edition . Ethnic conflicts betw View the full answer The idea is generally accepted that the end of the Cold War and the development of globalization either have caused ethnic conflict or escalated such issues. The focus of his work was on (and action against) communalism and communal and ethnic violence in India and South Asia. This was also the time when various attempts . "Ethnic Conflicts in Pakistan: Sind as a Factor in Pakistani Politics." In Domestic Conflicts in South Asia, vol. Asia's Ethnic Conflicts in the Wake of Covid-19. Other reasons would include issues like who had occupied the island primarily in the beginning. ISBN-13: 978-0415741101. People-to-people conflict has declined. The divide between the Malays and non-Malays, namely the Indians, Chinese, and other indigenous ethnic minorities, have always been one of the central issues that plagued Malaysia's development in all of its sectors (Teik 2005, 2). Discussion about ethnicity, different ethnic groups in pakistan, and ehnic conflicts . This book seeks to examine secessionist ethics in South and Southeast Asia in a theoretically informed way and from a comparative perspective. Enmerkar of Uruk's year-long siege of Aratta circa . Moreover, ethnic conflicts in neighbouring countries have had cross-border impacts in the form of refugees, displaced persons, illegal migrant labour, as well as drugs and arms smuggling. In other words, most of South Asia's contemporary geopolitical and ethno-religious problems, including the Kashmir conflict, the division of British India into India and Pakistan, and communal . And finally we summarize our findings. Useful notes on 'Ethnic Conflicts in South Asia'! Urmila Phadnis, S. D. Muni, and Kalim Bahadur. A study on ethnic conflicts in South Asia would necessitate one to clarify certain basic concepts like ethnicity, ethnic conflicts and race. But as the list of conflicts to watch that follows suggests, its long shadow will endure. ethnic conicts have emerged in South Asia, their repercussions on societies and states, their impeding of regional cooperation and the best way forward for reaching solutions. In South Asia, however, it is impossible to find such a definite correlation between the global changes and ethnic conflicts, for the three conflicts have their roots before 1990, and the conflicts in Punjab and Sri Lanka had already escalated in 1980's. Since last month, peace talks have been successfully initiated in Thailand, Myanmar, and the Philippines - three Southeast Asian countries where local wars and ethnic armed conflicts have been . This dissertation examines the linkages in South Asia among ethnic conflict, the state and regional security. The concept of territorial or regional autonomy holds centre stage in the literature on ethnic conflict settlement because it is supposed to . The Punjab is a place of conflict between Sikhs and Hindus: Hindus consider Sikhism as a sect of Hinduism; radical Sikhs want independence from India; the Sikhs militarism is an issue, and in 1984, a Sikh bodyguard of President Indira Ghandi assassinated her; Sihks are now under martial law. When violent conflicts broke out recently in the Philippines, Myanmar, and other parts of Southeast Asia, the action occurred not just in the streets of Marawi or Mandalay, but also on social media. He was an advocate of a culture of peace, non-violence and communal harmony, and lectured all over Asghar Ali Engineer was an Indian reformist-writer and activist. Dr. Inayatullah, Politics of Ethnicity and Separatism in South Asia, University of the Punjab Lahore, Centre for South Asian Studies, . Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims have all been, and are still involved in, major and minor disputes, conflicts, and killings for ostensibly religious reasons. These are grouped into eight major national ethnic races: Kachin , Kayah , Kayin ,Chin ,Mon, Bamar , Rakhine , Sha. Instability along the In other words, most of South Asia's contemporary geopolitical and ethno-religious problems, including the Kashmir conflict, the division of British India into India and Pakistan, and communal . It. The persistence of ethnic tensions in China. (b) A landlocked country with multiparty competition. ethnic/sectarian conflicts in South Asia and the fourth category would cover the activities of the terrorist groups, like the attacks on Mumbai in India in 2008, or the operations of the insurgent and criminal groups across the borders in South Asia. A quick glance at its demographics would suggest that these countries may indeed be defined less by their 20th century-determined territorial barriers, and more by the multiplicity of languages and ethnic cultures residing . Ethnic groups, social mobility and development: the process sanskritisation (ritually Urmila Phadnis, S. D. Muni, and Kalim Bahadur. Ethnic stratification in these societies is placed and analysed within the wider context of protracted social But there have been exceptions. *Tin Maung Maung Than traces the history and impossibility of the current Myanmar regime's quest to integrate the various ethnic groups in the border regions while insisting on a unitary state with all real power kept to themselves. In South Asia, however, it is impossible to find such a definite correlation between the global changes and ethnic conflicts, for the three conflicts have their roots before 1990, and the . ISBN-10: 0415741106. The African country of Rwanda has a long history of ethnic conflict. Emphasis is put on the identification of mechanisms that need to be evolved and consolidated if these conflicts are to be resolved. In Myanmar minorities were widely marginalized. (d) In the conflict between the military and pro-democracy groups . The British in Burma and Malaysia, the French in Vietnam, the Spain and the American in the Philippine, and the Dutch in . Inter-ethnic relations have come to be dominated by competitive, zero-sum thinking that hardens ethnic divides and drives the formation of armed groups and militias - and, ultimately, encourages conflict.