This surgery is typically performed during the first year of life. This causes the baby to become very blue. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment, diagnosis, complication, and prevention. Treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot . sweaty fortnite symbols copy and paste. Advantages to early complete repair include removal of right ventricular outflow The diagnosis consists of four main In TOF, a set of four abnormalities in the hearts anatomy prevent enough oxygen-poor (blue) blood from flowing to the lungs to receive oxygen. Tetralogy of Fallot (fah-LO) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect, and symptoms can be present in the first week. Without surgical intervention, patients had a 1 year survival rate of 66%, 49% after 2 years and only 1015% after more than 20 years [1,2]. Best Tetralogy Of Fallot Doctor in Delhi . Pulmonary stenosis can be present at multiple levels, including infundibular (most common), valvular, supravalvular, and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a type of congenital heart disease that affects about five of every 10,000 babies, accounting for about 10 percent of all congenital heart disease. Tetralogy of Fallot causes oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and to the rest of the body, often resulting in babies having blue-tinged skin because their blood doesn't carry enough oxygen. The life expectancy in untreated patients is very low (6 years in average), however, various studies argue that cardiac surgery children can enjoy a good quality of life long-term. The Most Common Heart Defects . these defects cause the heart to function poorly resulting in poor oxygen supply to the other parts of the body. artery growth and ductal flow patterns are Your Child's Tetralogy of Fallot Surgery. A tube or a shunt is placed between a large artery branching off the aorta and the pulmonary artery. If the baby has had a blue spell, medications can help prevent further spells. The ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart, and the septum is the According to the American Heart Association, congenital heart defects (present at birth) are the most common type of birth defect. Because a baby with tetralogy of Fallot may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth, this birth defect is considered a critical congenital heart defect. Translated from spanish Improve translation. Fortunately, Billy received lifesaving heart surgery and is home from the hospital, reportedly doing well. A team of cardiac surgeons does the surgery, usually around 6 months of age, or even earlier, if the baby is having problems with Tetralogy of Fallot is a rather common complex cardiac malformation with an incidence of 0.1/1000 live births. Expand Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a complex, congenital (present at birth) heart condition involving four related heart defects that commonly occur together. We even have a program to transition teens to adult care when theyre ready. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease with a combination of four birth defects of the heart. Acknowledgements Not applicable. Taylor Starr is organizing this fundraiser. Surgery is most often done when a child is 3 to 6 months old. INTRODUCTION. Babies born with tetralogy of fallot need surgery so their hearts can pump enough oxygen-rich blood to their bodies. Open-heart surgery is the only definitive treatment for TOF. BackgroundControversy regarding the timing for the repair of tetralogy of Fallot centers around initial palliation versus primary repair for the symptomatic neonate/young infant and the optimal age for repair of the asymptomatic child.We changed our approach from one of initial palliation in the infant to one of primary repair around the age of 6 months, or earlier if We report a 45 year-old Chinese woman with tetralogy of fallot that had two aortopulmonary collateral arteries and tricuspid regurgitation. Tetralogy of Fallot is a complex heart disease with four components: pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular concentric hypertrophy, and dextropositioned (overriding) aorta. Right-to-left shunting across the ventricular septal defect may result in generalized cyanosis and polycythemia. This common congenital anomaly continues to strike debate, highlighting complexities surrounding optimizing management. When Ben was 2 days old, Thomas Spray, MD, chief of cardiothoracic surgery at CHOP, repaired the baby's tetralogy of Fallot and connected Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, with an incidence of 0.200.63 per 1000 live births. UT Southwestern Medical Center, one of the top cardiothoracic surgery centers in the U.S., offers advanced open-heart surgery to repair the cardiac abnormalities associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Seattle Childrens Heart Center treats babies with this set of 4 heart defects, and we provide any ongoing heart care they need as they grow. One provides temporary improvement by a shunt to give more blood flow to the lungs. Surgery. A child with TOF must have heart surgery to fix the heart defects. Down syndrome or Down 's syndrome , also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common type of cyanotic congenital heart disease.Since the first surgical repair in 1954, treatment has continuously improved. Learn about tetralogy of Fallot and the treatment options. Keywords: Brain abscess, craniotomy, tetralogy of Fallot. More. All those adult patients who had undergone repair for Tetralogy of Fallot from January 2012 to December 2014 were included in the study. What Is Tetralogy of Fallot? However, the severity of TOF can vary quite a bit from person to person. I am fundraising to help pay for the cost of Jaydens open heart surgery to fix his tetralogy of fallot. I am fundraising to help pay for the cost of Jaydens open heart surgery to fix his tetralogy of fallot. Surgical Intervention. Tetralogy of Fallot is diagnosed by way of a chest X-ray, an electrocardiogram, and an echocardiogram. Tetralogy of Fallot is 4 congenital heart defects. Children are born with this condition. This condition gets in the way of the heart's ability to pump oxygen-rich blood to the body. All children with tetralogy of Fallot need to have surgery to fix it. After surgery, most children will live healthy lives. This will help your baby's heart and lungs work better. Is tetralogy of Fallot considered heart disease? When the baby or child is older, tetralogy of Fallot may be diagnosed if: The childs skin appears blue; This chapter reviews the anatomy of Tetralogy of Fallot and discusses the intraoperative anesthetic management of Tetralogy of Fallot patients. Tetralogy of Fallot can cause problems if the heart is not fixed, however, corrective surgery performed in childhood for tetralogy of Fallot does not cure the condition. The patch stops oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing between the ventricles. How is tetralogy of Fallot treated? Click to see full answer Accordingly, can Tetralogy of Fallot be cured? Different types pf medicine given by IV. The treatment strategies currently used in the treatment of ToF result in excellent long-term survival (30 year survival ranges from 68.5% to 90.5%). TOF treatment for most babies involves a type of open-heart surgery called intracardiac repair. The treatment strategies currently used in the treatment of ToF result in excellent long-term survival (30 year survival ranges from 68.5% to 90.5%). Babies with these defects are often called blue babies due to lower More from Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Tetralogy of Fallot (pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh) is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart. Tetralogy of Fallot or TOF is a rare, congenital (present at birth) condition caused by a combination of four heart defects. SI VIMOTHY HIE NE c Sean lume I camasicll 3 ma : | 4 \ : | \ \ 4 : | . A child with TOF must have heart surgery to fix the heart defects. Background The timing of repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) remains controversial. This heart defect can cause oxygen in the blood that flows to the rest of the body to be reduced. Vascular & Endo Vascular Surgery Dr. Krishna Kant Sharma Senior Director & HOD Cardiac Anaesthesia Book an Appointment +91-11-30403040. Taylor Starr is organizing this fundraiser. Contact Us at Vaidam for the right guidance and list of Crt D Implant Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Doctors Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology searching the hospital records. INTRODUCTION. Some babies with tetralogy of Fallot may have normal oxygen levels and may This means that your child is born with them. @article{Bross1959OxygenSO, title={[Oxygen saturation of the blood in tetralogy of Fallot before and after surgical treatment]. INTRODUCTION. What happens in a Tet spell? Contact Us at Vaidam for the right guidance and list of Arrhythmia Surgery Doctors South Africa Become Our Partner! Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a leading cause of cyanotic congenital heart (CHD) disease (about We were referred to a fetal heart specialist who confirmed our little girl has Tetralogy of Fallot. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a defect of the ductus, a short blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and aorta. They The first successful operation to treat blue baby syndrome caused by Tetralogy of Fallot occurred at Johns Hopkins University in 1944. Explore Tetralogy of Fallot Repair. Through a collaboration between pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig, surgeon Alfred Blalock, and surgical technician Vivien Thomas, the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt was created. The other is a complete repair of the two most Tetralogy of Fallot can cause problems if the heart is not fixed, however, corrective surgery performed in childhood for tetralogy of Fallot does not cure the condition. Tet spells Sometimes, babies who have tetralogy of Fallot will suddenly develop deep blue skin, nails and lips after crying or feeding, or when agitated. Sousa Uva M, et al. When a fetal ultrasound reveals a heart abnormality while the baby is still in the mothers uterus, a doctor may diagnose TOF. Surgical options include open heart repair or a temporary shunt procedure. Because a baby with tetralogy of Fallot may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth, this birth defect is considered a critical congenital heart defect. In some cases, surgery may be done on a newborn baby. Hi Everyone, My son diagnosed with Pink Tetralogy of fallot after birth DOB June 17th 2022. Patients can present for cardiac and non-cardiac surgery at any point. Reference Blalock and Taussig 3 Blalock doctors widen or replace the pulmonary valve and enlarge the passage to the pulmonary artery. See our heart surgery outcomes.. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF or "TET") is Tetralogy of Fallot Repair. The first successful operation to treat blue baby syndrome caused by Tetralogy of Fallot occurred at Johns Hopkins University in 1944. Tetralogy also has one of the highest incidences of non-cardiac defects, so a detailed anatomy scan and genetic testing before birth is strongly recommended. Tetralogy of Fallot surgery is typically done in the first year of a childs life to correct a congenital (something thats there from birth) heart defect. We chose to have an amnio test as there is a possibility of chromosome abnormalities too. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect (present at birth). Tetralogy of Fallot Repair. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Now, about 90% of children with this condition grow to adulthood and lead active lives. Most children with tetralogy of Fallot will need surgery to fix the heart problems, and the surgery is usually performed before a baby is 1 year old. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease. The surgery consists of a patch to cover the hole (VSD) and widening of the pulmonary valve or artery. This common congenital anomaly continues to strike debate, highlighting complexities surrounding optimizing management. Treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot. When the heart or blood vessels near the heart do not develop normally before birth, it's called a congenital heart defect (CHD). Although surgery for tetralogy of Fallot creates a normal blood flow path, you can still have other issues, including: You can have a higher risk of an infection in your heart (endocarditis), so TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) TOF stands for tetralogy of Fallot and is a common form of congenital heart disease. It was common in the past to do a temporary surgery during infancy to improve blood flow to the lungs, and then do a complete repair later in childhood. Author contributions JK collected and interpreted the patient data, including the clinical and imaging details. View Profile ; Surgery to repair tetralogy of Fallot is done when the infant is very young, typically before 6 months of age. In this surgery, the surgeon makes a tunnel (baffle) between the heart's two upper chambers (atria). Tetralogy of Fallot Repair. Hi, At my 20 week scan, a heart defect was identified on our little baby. 1 In They are the most common birth defects, occurring in about 1 in 125 births. Fallot Tetralogy Diagnosis If the doctor suspects Fallot tetralogy after birth, he may use several tests to confirm diagnosis, including thorough blood count, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, and others. Fallot Tetralogy Treatment Treatment of the condition for the majority of infants involves a surgery known as intracardiac repair. ARSA; Atrioventricular septal defect; Blood clot in the heart; Cardiac teratoma; Coarctation of the aorta; Double outlet right ventricle; Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, with an incidence of 0.200.63 per 1000 live births. The treatment strategies Jayden was diagnosed with a heart murmur after his birth and was taken for a heart echo to find he has two holes in his heart (ASD and a VSD). Other birth defects a baby affected by certain birth defects, such as Down syndrome, is more likely to have malformations of the heart.. "/> carnival houston greenspoint. How is tetralogy of Fallot treated? Currently, survival into the fourth or fifth decade after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is common owing to advancements in the surgical and medical management. We offer several types of surgery based on your babys health and needs. tetralogy of fallot causes the skin of the affected child Open heart surgery to correct the heart defect is the only treatment that gives long-term survival. Invited Commentary: Schulte and colleagues have presented their 14-year evolution of management of the pulmonary valve in patients undergoing repair of tetralogy of Fallot [1]. Thankfully, most forms of TOF and related conditions can now be successfully treated in patients of all ages and sizes, and most patients can expect to live healthy and full lives. Until we hear results, we are driving ourselves crazy with the unfortunate news. It happens when a babys heart does not form correctly as the baby grows and develops in the mothers womb during pregnancy. Tetralogy of Fallot can be treated by surgery soon after the baby is born. Your babys tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair will be performed in a hospital. Collateral circulation was blocked and total correction was successfully performed in our "one-stop" hybrid operation room. | . it is a congenital defect which is present at birth. ubc grades reddit. Treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot can vary from one child to another, but all will require surgical repair. Tet spells are caused by Tetralogy of Fallot occurs as the baby's heart is developing during pregnancy. Through a collaboration between pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig, surgeon Alfred Blalock, and surgical technician Vivien Thomas, the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt was created. A 3.6-kg, 3-month-old infant with a history of tetralogy of Fallot and increasing hypercyanotic spells was brought to the operating room for operative repair. Rarely, cardiac catheterization may be needed to confirm the anatomy prior to surgery. Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) occurs in approximately 1 in 3600 live births and accounts for 3.5% of infants born with congenital heart disease. Tetralogy of Fallot is classified as a congenital heart defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow. These defects, which affect the structure of the heart, cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and to the rest of the body. This heart defect can cause oxygen in the blood that flows to the rest of the body to be reduced. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a serious congenital heart defect affecting about two in 10,000 babies. baby desert eagle sights. Treatment for a patent ductus arteriosis (PDA), depends on the size of the opening and the effect the opening is having on the body. Cardiac Procedures and Surgeries | American Heart Association Tetralogy of fallot includes the following major features: A hole between the left and right ventricle. The three treatments are management and spontaneous closure, drug therapy, and surgery . PDA can be corrected by surgery. The surgery used to correct Tetralogy of Fallot is complex and technically challenging open-heart surgery, but most patients (~95%) have a successful outcome. Learn about different types of CHDs, and how to help young teens transition successfully from pediatric care to adult care. Objective: To study the in-hospital outcome of adult patients who had undergone surgical repair for Tetralogy of Fallot. The timing of the operation varies but is usually within the first few months of life. Tetralogy of Fallot Treatment. A shunt operation is not permanent; babies with a shunt still need a full repair PART 21074000 PART 2: Fundraising CompletedA lovely and lively 10-month-old baby boy was diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a serious congenital heart defect affecting about two in 10,000 babies. Surgery is required to treat TOF. However, tetralogy of Fallot is a highly variable condition, meaning that it can impact each child to varying degrees. | : ; G ei ) | | | : ; oll Z.. : ! Tetralogy of Fallot is effectively managed only through surgery. Hello everyone! Tetralogy of Fallot. When more than one surgery is used, the first surgery is done to help increase blood flow to the lungs. Arterial switch operation. corrective surgery performed in childhood for tetralogy of Fallot does not cure the condition. tetralogy of fallot is an uncommon cardiac combination which is actually a combination of four heart defects. In tetralogy of Fallot ( TOF ), four related heart defects change the way blood flows to the lungs and through the Congenital means present at birth. Most children with tetralogy of Fallot will need surgery to fix the heart problems, and the surgery is usually performed before a baby is 1 year old. Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the commonest forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease, accounting for 710% of all congenital cardiac malformations with an incidence of one in 3,500 live births. Invited Commentary: Schulte and colleagues have presented their 14-year evolution of management of the pulmonary valve in patients undergoing repair of tetralogy of Fallot [1]. Jayden was diagnosed with a heart tetralogy [tet-ralah-je] a group or series of four. A tetralogy fallot is the name for a group of four heart defects: 1. While serious, these defects are surgically correctable, which enables a positive outcome for most children. It is It happens when a babys heart does not form correctly as the baby grows and develops in the mothers womb during pregnancy. 1. This can help to maintain blood flow from the heart to the lungs before intracardiac repair. Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most common forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease. PART 21074000 PART 2: Fundraising CompletedA lovely and lively 10-month-old baby boy was diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the leading cyanotic congenital heart disease To review the incidence, pattern, management and treatment outcomes of TOF at the OAUTHC. A retrospective audit was undertaken of hospital records, including echocardiograms Treatment. It is composed of 4 major characteristics: a hole in the ventricular septal wall (ventricular septal Your provider can fix tetralogy of Fallot with surgery before your baby is 6 months old. Most children with tetralogy of Fallot will need surgery to fix the heart problems, and the surgery is usually performed before a baby is 1 year old. In some premature babies, the ductus arteriosis may not close completely or sufficiently, leaving a small opening. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease with a combination of four birth defects of the heart. We report a 45 year-old Chinese woman with tetralogy of fallot that had two aortopulmonary collateral arteries and tricuspid regurgitation. Tetralogy of Fallot occurs during fetal growth, when the baby's heart is developing. A relatively large aorta that straddle the hole (Overriding Aorta) 3. Taylor Starr is organizing this fundraiser. Tetralogy of Fallot is a critical congenital heart defect, meaning children with this defect may need surgery soon after birth. New Patient Appointment or 214-748-2583. TOF is always a significant problem that requires surgical treatment. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, with an incidence of 0.200.63 per 1000 live births. Sometimes, more than one surgery is needed. During surgery, doctors widen or replace the pulmonary valve and enlarge the passage to the pulmonary artery. Dr. Subhash Chandra Chairman & HOD Cardiology Book an Appointment +91-11-30403040. VA performed the endovascular procedure and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. Surgical options include intracardiac repair or a temporary procedure that uses a shunt. Temporary surgery may be recommended babies are too weak or small to have the full repair surgery; the full repair surgery will be performed when the baby is stronger. Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common type of cyanotic congenital heart disease.Since the first surgical repair in 1954, treatment has continuously improved. BAE: Bronchial artery embolization; TOF: Tetralogy of Fallot; HRCT: High resolu-tion computed tomography. Tetralogy of Fallot: fetal diagnosis to surgical correction. You have probably heard about Jimmy Kimmels baby, Billy, being born with a critical congenital heart defect called tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). A Biblioteca Virtual em Sade uma colecao de fontes de informacao cientfica e tcnica em sade organizada e armazenada em formato eletrnico nos pases da Regio Latino-Americana e do Caribe, acessveis de forma universal na Internet de Tetralogy of Fallot is a heart problem consisting of four related heart defects. Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the disorders most common congenital heart. Fixing the ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve issue takes care of the other two problems, including the overriding aorta. Providers have been doing open-heart surgery to fix tetralogy of Fallot since the 1950s. Most babies with this defect need surgery soon after birth to repair their heart. }, author={Wiktor Bross and Stefan Siegmund von Koczorowski and M Masiak and A. Aroski and A Kustrzyki}, journal={Minerva Your provider can fix tetralogy of Fallot with surgery before your baby is 6 months old. View Profile ; Dr. Subhash Chandra. March of Dimes 0 May 5, 2017 1:06 pm. Surgeons usually perform this surgery within the first month of life. We even have a program to transition teens to adult care when theyre ready. it also damages the structure of the heart. Fixing the ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve issue takes care of the other two problems, including the overriding aorta. Repairing the defects can greatly improve a child's health and quality of life. Dr. Thus, on November 29, 1944, Alfred Blalock performed the first operation on a cyanotic child aged one year with tetralogy of Fallot. Tet spells Sometimes, babies who have tetralogy of Fallot will suddenly develop deep blue skin, nails and lips after crying or feeding, or when agitated.These episodes are called tet spells. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common defect in which obstruction to the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs causes low oxygen levels in the blood. 1, 2 The first cardiac repair of TOF was successfully performed in 1955 in the United States and in 1965 in Taiwan. In rare cases, your child may need a temporary procedure to increase blood flow to the lungs until a complete repair can be done. The initial surgery went well but Kimmel said his son will need at least two surgeries in To avoid cardiac complications from Kawasaki disease, treatment (IVIG and aspirin) should be started within ten days of symptoms. car parcel delivery jobs. Congenital means present at birth. Dr. Answered by Dr. Michael Blum: Depends: The surgery to correct this heart problem may not be able to "how long of a surgery is needed to correct a tetralogy of fallot?" 1, 2 The first cardiac repair of TOF was successfully performed in 1955 in the United States and in 1965 in Taiwan. Surgery is the only effective treatment for tetralogy of Fallot. Surgery. Learn about tetralogy of Fallot and the treatment options. Surgery is most often done when a child is 3 to 6 months old. In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of tetralogy of Fallot have improved greatly. It was not detected in ultrasound scans , tiffa scans. Surgery is the only Tetralogy of Fallot is 4 congenital heart defects. Click to see full answer Also to know is, what causes a Tet spell? Babies with these defects are often called blue babies due to lower oxygen content of blood. Tetralogy of Fallot is treated by surgical repair of the defects. Corpus ID: 35787153 [Oxygen saturation of the blood in tetralogy of Fallot before and after surgical treatment]. tetralogy of Fallot need corrective surgery performed by a heart (cardiovascular) surgeon. Providers have been doing open-heart surgery to fix tetralogy of Fallot since the 1950s. Blockage of blood flowing from the heart to the Approximately 25% of patients with tetralogy have a right aortic arch, usually a mirror- image arch. If it does not, it is called patent or open. Now, most babies with tetralogy of Fallot have their defects fully repaired in infancy. Hello everyone! Looking for the list of best Crt D Implant Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Doctors in Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad within your budget. Seattle Childrens Heart Center treats babies with this set of 4 heart defects, and we provide any ongoing heart care they need as they grow. Surgery to correct the problem may be done at a later time. The first successful operation to treat blue baby syndrome caused by Tetralogy of Fallot occurred at Johns Hopkins University in 1944. | SNCS 0? Case 3/2019 - Type IIB Tricuspid Atresia, in Natural Evolution, at 21 Years Case 3/2019 - Type IIB Tricuspid Atresia, in Natural Evolution, at 21 Years of Age Hello everyone! surface area of cubes and cuboids. Surgery for tetralogy of Fallot involves open-heart surgery to Usually this vessel closes a few hours after birth. These 4 problems occur together (tetralogy refers to 4). As a result, the defects change the way blood flows through the heart and to the lungs, so less oxygen-rich blood is carried to the body. Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common type of cyanotic congenital heart disease.Since the first surgical repair in 1954, treatment has continuously improved. Through a collaboration between pediatric cardiologist 7-TETRALOGY OF FALLOT C-DPBF Normal Heart for comparison: What are the 4 anomalies associated with the Tetralogy of Fallot? The treatment for tetralogy of Fallot is surgery our heart surgeons have a 100% survival rate in tetralogy of Fallot repair. As a result, the defects change the way blood flows through Open heart surgery to repair tetralogy of Fallot. These defects include ventricular septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis, malposition of the aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is an open heart surgery that involves a large incision through the chest and breastbone (sternum) During this procedure, the surgeon places a patch over the ventricular septal defect to close the hole between the ventricles.