The words in a compound adjective (a single adjective made up of two or more words) can be linked together by hyphens to show they are one grammatical unit (i.e., one multi-word adjective). If the multiple‑word adjective comes before a noun, use hyphens. gradually, with no steep slopes or sudden change in direction. pre-eminent or co-own ). over and above. 1. Four-letter words are worth one point each. There are 3 types of compound words: Hyphenated Compound Words. Keep in mind many rules only apply in certain circumstances and that this list of rules is far from . The easiest way to determine whether to hyphenate or where to break a word is to look it up in the dictionary. The corn starch amended food is cheaper to produce but now lesser in protein. The Compound. Take water-bottle, for instance. Do not hyphenate compounds preceding or following a noun where the hyphen would be placed after a word . This car runs best on high-octane gasoline. "Those out-of-date eggs". Compound words may be written as two separate words (e.g., health care), one hyphenated word (e.g., self-esteem), or one solid word (e.g., caregiver). Examples: an off-campus apartment. Parts of Speech Verb Tense Subject/ Verb Agreement Pronouns Countable & Uncountable Nouns. Hyphenate if 'non' qualifies more than one word. When you use a compound adjective before the noun, you should hyphenate: there's off-street parking here. If you put a hyphen between the words . Do hyphenate a phrase that modifies the next noun. Compound words may be written as two separate words (e.g., health care), one hyphenated word (e.g., self-esteem), or one solid word (e.g., caregiver). craggy adjective. Below, we have added lists of examples for all the types of compound words. Some more examples of compound adjectives are: Our office is in a twenty-storey building. A handy reference with examples of some common compound words that are hyphenated. For examples "to-do," "merry-go-round," "high-risk," "T-shirt," and "sixty-six" are all words with hyphens. state-of-the-art design. 2-syllable words. b) en dash: train-station. Web addresses can be . Water bottle (with a space between the two words) implies that the bottle is made up of water. Hyphens are used in some compound words (connected words) to make the word easier to read and help clarify words used together. on top. Th e rules, therefore, are somewhat fl exible. The hyphen ( -) is the small bar found on every keyboard. ultra-argumentative. Use a hyphen with prefixes or suffixes (such as '-like') when you've repeated letters in a word, but you pronounce them separately, as in shell-like or anti-inflammatory. Below is a list of some negative personality adjectives. Some phrasal adjectives (including "civil rights," "stock market," and "high school") don't require hyphenation when they appear before a noun . They might also be formed from prefixes or suffixes, as in ex-president, supermicro . Words that start with CROSS - full list. Exceptions must nec- essarily be allowed. I) The NOUNS introduced by SELF- xxxxx : refer to actions that one does by oneself or to oneself. 3. relating to high mountains, especially the mountains of the European Alps. And it's the same with numbers; for example, we write the phrase a two-door car like this: A two hyphen door car (a two-door car). Don't leave only one letter of a divided word on a line. gentle adjective. For example, compound words can have hyphens, spaces, or no spaces at all between the two words. Hyphens make the distinction, for example, between a 'wild-animal advocate and a 'wild animal advocate'. "Your state-of-the-art theatre". Abrasive. 3. a) hyphen: train-station. Below are some of the most common rules of hyphenation. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. This helps in avoiding ambiguity and confusion. For example, 'a class of 15 16-year-old students took the A level . 2-letter Words. Use a hyphen to separate a prefix from a name or . 2500 pages of free content are available only online. a gradual slope is not steep. 6.3. Water bottle (with a space between the two words) implies that the bottle is made up of water. gradual adjective. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. re-enter. The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. high flyer. Writing Tips . Do not use hyphens in ages unless to avoid confusion, although it's always best to write in a way that avoids ambiguity. graded adjective. Some terms have moved from being open compounds ( base ball) to hyphenated ( base-ball) to closed ( baseball ), a pattern that reflects familiarity and frequency of usage. They might also be formed from prefixes or suffixes, as in ex-president, supermicro . However, there are two occasions when it is standard to hyphenate a number: When writing out 21 to 99 as words (e.g., twenty-one, ninety-nine . There are 1,768 words that start with the letter I in the Scrabble dictionary. You can consult a dictionary to see which compound words use hyphens. Anti-trash and Pro-turtle Alliances Worked Together to Clean the Park. a wall three meters high. Apathetic. Compound words are formed when two smaller words combine to form a new word, as in these examples: mail + box = mail box. My coworker has a four-year-old child. Use a hyphen if following word starts with a vowel. No hyphen here. Place the hyphen between the syllables, or sounds, of a word. Some examples of compound adjectives using high and low are high-level/low-level, high-income/low-income, and high-impact/low-impact. Hyphens are often used when a compound modifies a noun ("sun-bleached curtains," "fire . Boring. I've been waiting at the train station for more than two hours. Hyphenated Compounds: Words that use a hyphen in between two words, such as well-known, second-rate, merry-go-round, etc. over and above that. A compound noun is made up of two or more words; and hyphens are generally used to clear up ambiguities. Callous. hyphenated compound words eventually lose their hyphen, many of them start out unhyphenated. When spelt with a hyphen, 'Start-Up' appears to be a compound noun. on top of that. 2. Whether it's the first name, middle name or the surname that is hyphenated, it will be treated as one unit. For line breaks in words ending in -ing, if a single final consonant in the root word is doubled before the suffix, hyphenate between the consonants; otherwise, hyphenate at the suffix itself: plan-ning run-ning driv-ing call-ing. English-speaking is an adjective (used to describe the country). Rule #4: Ignore the articles. "Your state-of-the-art theatre". In this sentence should the word highly and trained have no hypehn between them. Learn the basic rules of usage here, and start using hyphens to improve your writing. In general, you should mostly treat the hyphen as if it were a blank space. Examples: She gave me an up-to-date report. In general, use the APA Dictionary of Psychology and the Merriam-Webster dictionary to determine hyphenation. A compound noun is made up of two or more words; and hyphens are generally used to clear up ambiguities. "An end-to-end solution". The forms of compounds (two words used together) in English are not fixed. For example: forty-acre farm. chocolate-covered raisins. Hyphens can be used to join a prefix to another word, especially if the prefix ends in a vowel and the other word also begins with one (e.g. twenty-four six-inch-long measurements. Closed Compound Words. It has several related uses; in every case, it is used to show that what it is attached to does not make up a complete word by itself. then. a man sixty-five years old (note plural years) No hyphen. This allows for an evenly aligned right margin without highly variable (and distracting) word spacing. Some words can be hyphenated in different places and you . I've written more than once about hyphens, including this previous post, but it remains a troublesome topic, so I'll approach it from this direction, too: the categories of hyphenation errors. To show a period of time, such as an age. No hyphen because you can take out the word "fat" and it still makes sense. When exactly do you use a hyphen? Linking Sentences Misplaced & Dangling Modifiers Sentence Fragments Paragraphs. Here's a primer on when you should (and shouldn't) hyphenate words. Microsoft and Gregg would capitalize flat and sharp if they appeared in a title (unlike Rule 2). However, AP states that "when a modifier that would be hyphenated before a noun occurs instead after a form of the verb to be, the hyphen usually must be retained to avoid confusion": I thought her memo was well-written. Examples are double-check, cost-effective, around-the-clock, hand-to-hand, forward-thinking, eyeliner, and iced tea. Attributive compounds 'I thought You Only Live Twice was a really high-quality Bond movie.' In these examples, the hyphenated phrase is modifying the next word, as . The hyphen must never be used with white spaces at both ends, though in some uses it may have a white space at one end. Here are 5 things I've learnt about hyphenation. When using high or low (or other adjectives) as part of a compound adjective before a noun, a hyphen should be inserted between high or low and the word that it modifies. prearrange or cooperate ). if. Runner-Up. Some terms have moved from being open compounds ( base ball) to hyphenated ( base-ball) to closed ( baseball ), a pattern that reflects familiarity and frequency of usage. Omitting Hyphens in Phrasal Adjectives. However, particularly when the vowel is an "o," if you can bear how the word looks without a hyphen and your spellchecker lets it through, then omit the hyphen. A six-letter word . Use a hyphen for all words that have 'mid-' as a prefix, except for common words that are never hyphenated (e.g. Open Compound Words. To see Science word lists , please go to the home page for word games, interactive worksheets, word puzzles and themed content with Latin roots that align with Common Core Standards. When using high or low as part of a compound adjective, use a hyphen when the compound comes before the noun it's modifying. Here are 5 things I've learnt about hyphenation. Note that adjectives never take an " s .". 'I thought You Only Live Twice was a really high-quality Bond movie.' This is an example of an attributive compound adjective. Omitting Hyphens in Phrasal Adjectives. If you have a choice, divide the word more or less in the middle. Son-in-law is an example of a hyphenated word. Exactly. No hyphen because you can take out the word "fat" and it still makes sense. Number + Unit of Measure + Adjective (coming after noun) Hyphenate the number. Word division. Some phrasal adjectives (including "civil rights," "stock market," and "high school") don't require hyphenation when they appear before a noun . Our word list does not include words that are offensive, obscure, hyphenated or proper nouns. one-syllable words. Commas Semi-Colons Colons Apostrophes Hyphens Question Marks Quotation Marks. A compound is a word or word group that consists of two or more parts that work together as a unit to express a specific concept. Examples are double-check, cost-effective, around-the-clock, hand-to-hand, forward-thinking, eyeliner, and iced tea. Some examples of compound adjectives using high and low include high-level/low-level and high-impact/low-impact Low-flying airplanes contribute to the noise pollution in the area. You will also want to be sure to always include the second hyphen in this case. . This adjective with two words joined by the hyphen is called a compound adjective. Refer to the Chicago Manual's Table 6.1, "A Spelling Guide for Compound Words," for more examples. twenty-four boys five years old. The forms of compounds (two words used together) in English are not fixed. "Those out-of-date eggs". b) en dash: train-station. living room. high brows. Hyphens are often used when a compound modifies a noun ("sun-bleached curtains," "fire . Here are some other examples of open compound words: high school. b) en dash: corn starch-amended food. The resources in this article can help you introduce compound words to your children and make them feel like superheroes for being able to read and spell such long words! ( Was is a "to be" verb.) 2500 pages of free content are available only online. a) hyphen: train-station. ie. Grammar . For example: semi-industrious. made level or less steep. a) hyphen: corn-starch amended food. In this lesson, you're going to learn some of the most compound adjectives with example . If the hyphenated word in your title or heading starts with a prefix that isn't a standalone word (e.g., pre, non, de ), lowercase the second word. These should be used with caution since negative words to describe someone's personality are usually taken pretty poorly. www.myvocabulary.com offers more than 680 word lists. this is a family-owned business. For example "clean-shaven" would be sorted as if the hyphen were a blank space as in "clean shaven". 2. For example: I have sent you a three-page summary. Some words can be hyphenated in different places and you . Using . Don't break short words over a line, especially: words of fewer than 6 letters. high flier. high jacks. Closed Compound words: These words are written as a single word, such as haircut, newspaper, grandmother, etc. If you put a hyphen between the words . Attributive and predicative compound adjectives. This use is less common than it used to be, though, and one-word forms are becoming more usual (e.g. Many words use a hyphen when there is a prefix . Use of hyphen is optional if 'non' qualifies only one word. In professionally printed material (particularly books, magazines, and newspapers), the hyphen is used to divide words between the end of one line and the beginning of the next. midnight). To see Patriotism, Spies, Veterans Day and Character word lists, please go to the home page for word games, interactive word puzzles and themed content with Latin word roots and align with Common Core Standards. milk + shake = milk shake. "An end-to-end solution". Without the second hyphen, this sentence becomes about an old child. c) no punctuation: corn starch amended food. a gentle slope or shape is gradual, with no sudden changes. c) no punctuation: corn starch amended food. Break words between syllables so that the hyphen: is between 2 components of a compound word (for example, 'data-base') is between the base word and the suffix or prefix (for example, 'neat-ness') comes before a . Self-assurance. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes (figure dash ‒, en dash -, em dash —, horizontal bar ―), which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign −, which is also longer and . small-town charm. Attributive compound adjectives are hyphenated. After the reading exercise, answer these follow-up questions. Vocabulary Builder Course Have you ever noticed some English words with hyphens between them? Note that hyphenated compound words are most commonly used when the words being joined together are combined to form an adjective before a noun. Also use a hyphen if there's a risk of mispronouncing a word. 1. real estate. This is called a compound adjective. When spelt with a hyphen, 'Start-Up' appears to be a compound noun. Longer words earn one point per letter. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. Consider the examples below for illustration: Ig. capitalized: pro-Freudian; a number: post-1970; an abbreviation: pre-UCS trial; more than one word: non-achievement-oriented students; All "self-" compounds whether they are adjectives or nouns. Example (maybe not the best example, but you get the point): She is a nice fat fish. steep with a lot of rough rocks. over-the-counter. We used computer-generated images in our presentation. Of those 753 are 8 letter words, 517 are 7 letter words, 294 are 6 letter words, 120 are 5 letter words, 59 are 4 letter words, 20 are 3 letter words, and 5 are 2 letter words. A hyphen is not separated by spaces whereas a dash has a space on both sides. The hyphen should not be confused with dashes, which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign, which is also longer in some contexts. ice cream. Here are the rules as we see them: Rule 1: Hyphens are always used when two adjectives modify each other and NOT the noun. high chair. The "need-to-know basis" and "need-to-know information" are quite familiar phrases to anyone who has been connected with the top-secret intelligence agencies and the top-secret parts of the military, e.g. 5. From the Chicago Manual of Style: Adverbs ending in 'ly."'. Avoid breaking words in a publication-move to the next line whenever possible. school bus. Beyond that, all three capitalize the first and last word of a title. Rules can vary on when to hyphenate numbers, so it is always worth checking your style sheet if you or your employer has one (or if you have been asked to use a standard style guide, like APA or Chicago). IA. Any base-ten higher than twenty plus an integer one through nine is hyphenated. A hyphen is used to combine two different words together. 1. It's pretty simple - you treat hyphenated names as one unit. = self-confidence/ self-reliance. For example: a well-known author an English-speaking country a three-hour movie a part-time job a middle-aged woman; These are called compound adjectives - meaning an adjective that has two or more words.. what's more. But that's only for numbers before the noun. high lands. The hyphen ‐ is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. Please see our Crossword & Codeword, Words With Friends or Scrabble word helpers if that's what you're looking for. However, there are two occasions when it is standard to hyphenate a number: When writing out 21 to 99 as words (e.g., twenty-one, ninety-nine . Explore a list of ocean words that you might use. 1. Take water-bottle, for instance. The Hyphen. This rule is especially common with TIME, MONEY, and DISTANCE. What does this mean? Exception 1: Hyphenated Words with Prefixes in Titles and Headings. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: Follow-Up. Do hyphenate a phrase that modifies the next noun. in addition to this. Hyphenate the number. IJ. Aggressive. Compound adjective + noun. Articles are words that describe the . Hyphen. However, the symbol in this case (the hyphen) is not considered a separate symbol and should be ignored. That is, both words modify fish. 5 Responses to "Hyphenating Phrases". gently adverb. Argumentative. Remember: hyphens link two words, so the word or phrase makes sense and doesn't confuse the reader. In these examples, the hyphenated phrase is modifying the next word, as . AFI, CIA, DIA, FBI, GRU . I've written more than once about hyphens, including this previous post, but it remains a troublesome topic, so I'll approach it from this direction, too: the categories of hyphenation errors. www.myvocabulary.com offers more than 625 word lists. otherwise. Rules can vary on when to hyphenate numbers, so it is always worth checking your style sheet if you or your employer has one (or if you have been asked to use a standard style guide, like APA or Chicago). Most compound words require a hyphen. The adjective (which is a compound of two words: 'high' and 'quality') comes before the noun ('movie'). In English, we hyphenate many two-digit numbers in their written form. The rules for such word division are beyond the . The hyphen should not be confused with dashes, which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign, which is also longer in some contexts. on top of this. Hyphenate the number and then the adjective. one-half. Among the words formed in such a way, some are said to be "almost transparent" : to self-correct; to self-educate; a self-made man; a self-hating person; self-defence; self-government, etc. When modifying adjectives containing the suffix -ly are used, the compound word . So, you'd hyphenate co-worker, for example, to stop people tripping up . Compounds in which the base word is. highland adjective . ( Is is a "to be" verb.) When a compound adjective follows a noun, a hyphen is usually not necessary. The Compound. For line breaks, divide already-hyphenated words only at the hyphen: mass-produced self-conscious. A compound is a word or word group that consists of two or more parts that work together as a unit to express a specific concept. Open Compounds: Compound words that are written as separate words such as high school, living room, school bus, etc. Should words beginning with Non be hyphenated? Many thanks. You can use a hyphen to help distinguish any periods of time that you may have in your writing. Here are the rules as we see them: Rule 1: Hyphens are always used when two adjectives modify each other and NOT the noun. If you're puzzled about when to hyphenate, I hope these can help. We use a hyphen to connect the word English with speaking to show that it is one adjective (or one idea). Yes: "We apparently will be informed on a need-to-know basis.". The corn starch amended food is cheaper to produce but now lesser in protein. Alphabetizing Hyphenated Words. Bossy. Rule 1a. Don't divide words that have only one syllable. Example (maybe not the best example, but you get the point): She is a nice fat fish. Structure . id. The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. (If you're not sure where the syllable breaks are in a word, check the dictionary.) That is, both words modify fish. In general, use the APA Dictionary of Psychology and the Merriam-Webster dictionary to determine hyphenation. full-time worker. If the prefix ends in the same vowel that the root words starts with, separate them with a hyphen. Here are some examples: twenty-one thirty-two forty-three fifty-four sixty-five seventy-six eighty-seven ninety-eight state-of-the-art features. There are five types of words that should be hyphenated: 1. "We have highly trained staff who can help you." Grateful to know if it is ok without a hyphen and why. Current language trends continue to point to closing up certain words which, through either frequent use or widespread dissemination through modern media exposure, have become fi xed in the reader's mind as . 9-letter words that start with high. Punctuation . cross 8. crossabilities 21. crossability 21. crossable 16. crossarm 14. crossarms 15. crossbanded 20. crossbanding 23. b) en dash: corn starch-amended food. Because shelllike looks weird. If you . high lifes. note + book = note book. In terms of compound words, they've transformed into various types. I've been waiting at the train station for more than two hours. A properly placed hyphen helps the reader understand the intended meaning. Generally, hyphenate two or more words when they come before a noun they modify and act as a single idea. a) hyphen: corn-starch amended food. high light. If you're puzzled about when to hyphenate, I hope these can help. 1. Never put the first or last letter of a word at the end or . Given two identical items where one has a hyphen then the hyphenated word should go in the second spot as in this example - "clean shaven . Hyphens Between Words. Also use hyphens for. self-report; self . family-run busines. (The words in the compound adjective "three-page" are linked with a hyphen to show they are part of the same adjective.) His kitchen is well-equipped. When it comes to the powerful ocean, there are a lot of ocean words to find. on-campus housing. Activity 3 Using a single dash to show an after-thought can be used effectively for many . IC.
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